Emerging infectious diseases (EID) is a type of disease occurring from infections of unknown strains of microorganism. They may also reoccur from infectious diseases that may have occurred many years back. These infectious diseases are either new or have a potential to become epidemic in the near future. Some common examples of the EID include; HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, Influenza, malaria, dengue, cholera, Ebola, and many others to name (Drotman et al., 2018).
According to several reports, micro RNA plays a critical role in myocardial infarction (Fichtlscherer et al., 2010). MicroRNA helps in controlling many biological processes and plays a role in health and heart diseases. Depletion of Dicer (a microRNA processing enzyme) leads to various defects in angiogenesis, vessel formation and cardiac development (Van Rooij and Olson, 2007).
Lipoproteins play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases as a major risk factor. Specifically lipoprotein (a) which is a LDL like molecule, is a predictor of the cardiovascular diseases. Other LDL like apo B and apo A-1 are also used as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (Sandhu et al., 2016).
Biomarker development has served as an indicator of disease progression and response to therapeutic intervention. The conventional approach involved the study of molecules (considered as biomarker) in regulatory pathways but with the advent of technologies and resources, the development and discovery of biomarkers gotten easier.
The concept of personalized medicine was first promoted with pharmacogenomics data on oncology trials which demonstrated subject’s unique genetic makeup (genome) influence on their response to medications (The Office of the Commissioner FDA, 2015).
Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that spread to other parts of the body via metastases. It has been a topic of research worldwide since the early 1960s. Since then it has had a great impact on human health and economies worldwide (Jemal et al., 2010).