Today cancer is considered one of the top ten most evil diseases in the world. In earlier days chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery were the most orthodox treatments for cancer. Nevertheless, although such procedures have recovered countless lives, they all tend to be harsh and severe in their side effects as well as in their lack of specificity. Not only do they destroy normal cells and tissues, but they also often harm patients ' health and quality of life. The relatively recent advent of the revolutionary technology of CRISPR-Cas9 has created a new era of personalized treatment, especially immunotherapy for cancer. However, it has a restricted range of use because of issues of specificity, off-target effects and target-cell delivery.

The first goal of this study is to develop better accuracy and delivery mechanisms for cancer treatments using the powerful gene editing tool of CRISPR-Cas9. The investigation of new gene-editing technologies and delivery systems aims to lower the risks of current methods and fill an important gap in the application of CRISPR technology in oncology.  The second goal is to optimise the delivery system for CRISPR-Cas9 in cancer therapy.

The ultimate objective is to arrive at a more specific, less invasive and immensely more effective cancer treatment regimen. Through improving the accuracy and delivery of CRISPR-Cas9, we aim to give those who suffer from cancer hope in combating this disease with greater precision and fewer side effects.

The semiconductor industry continually faces challenges in achieving efficient and accurate design and simulation of semiconductor devices. While Atlas TCAD offers a robust platform for semiconductor device simulation, there is a need to seamlessly integrate this simulation environment with the Cadence Virtuoso design tool. The current lack of integration poses limitations on the efficient translation of simulated device characteristics to the design phase. Therefore, the primary problem addressed by this study is the absence of a streamlined process for linking semiconductor devices simulated in Atlas TCAD to Cadence Virtuoso using a Verilog-a model.

This study aims to develop and demonstrate an integrated approach that not only designs and simulates semiconductor devices accurately in Atlas TCAD but also establishes a seamless connection to Cadence Virtuoso through the implementation of a Verilog-a model. The successful resolution of this problem will enhance the overall design and simulation workflow in semiconductor device development, ultimately contributing to improved efficiency and accuracy in the semiconductor industry.

In today’s complex financial world, it is important to have strong knowledge of “spillover effect” of macroeconomic events, i.e., how they affect the banking sector. “Banking sector” in this context includes not only traditional banks but also financial subsidiaries such as insurance, non-banking financial institutions and microfinance organisations. This knowledge helps them make sound risk management decisions. This study aims to detect the spillover effect of macroeconomic events on the India’s banking sector and its subsidiaries by considering stocks listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). For this, the first goal is to review existing research and critically appraise previous studies’ findings to find critical knowledge gaps.

The second goal is to assess banking and other financial subsidiaries’ interconnectedness using the TVP-VAR model. Collecting the data from BSE for 1^st January 2005 to 31^st December 2023, and for variables like opening price, closing price, macroeconomic indicators (inflation, GDP, or exchange rate), and financial ratios (P/E or ROI), the study initially determines the spillover effect among banking sector companies. Following this, the interconnectedness between banking and other financial subsidiaries too will be examined using R software. The findings of the study will reveal the company that held a dominant position in the banking sector during major macroeconomic events from 2005-2023 (like the oil crisis of 2007, the environmental crisis of 2011, COVID-19, or the Russia-Ukraine war). It also identifies the financial sector (banking or any other financial subsidiaries) which drives the financial status of India amid the crisis.

Theoretically, the divine rights theory does not apply to the modern concept of state formation. The reason is, that it appears more convincing to believe that the state has formed as an outcome of class struggle. In this, people of similar interests have united together to form a state.  So, there is no place to believe that the state is a result of any religious process or that any sort of state-related leadership is influenced by divine instructions.

However, some political leaders and state heads still apply this divine theory and convince their followers to believe their beliefs and political activities are religiously justified. Thus, the study will draw upon the divine right theory of state formation and use case studies of selected countries to understand how religion is still important in state formation in the 20^th and 21^st centuries and how it impacts the people and their rights in those states.