Manufacturing industries as the major source of air pollution in India

Air contamination is defined as the presence of toxins that affect the environment (Vallero 2011). India, as a rapidly developing nation, needs to manage its ecological issues well to minimise contamination of air, water and soil. The major factors for air pollution in the country are:

• vehicular emissions
• healing centre waste
• sewage transfers

The manufacturing industry is one of the major air pollutants. Furthermore, the recent campaign launched by Prime Minister Modi promoting “Made in India” products is receiving widespread local and international support (Aldrich et al. 2015). Though this campaign and related strategies contribute to the growth of India, they are also partly responsible for environmental degradation.

Measure of air pollution in India

In India, the monitoring of air quality began in 1967 under the aegis of the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). The  Central Pollution Control Board started the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) program in 1984. It was later renamed as National Air Monitoring Green Growth and National Air Quality Monitoring Program in India (NAMP). Under the NAMP, four air poisons, viz., sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NO2) suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM/PM10), have been distinguished for customary checking. Additionally, extra parameters such as respirable lead and other poisonous follow metals, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), alkali (NH3) and polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons (PAHs) are checked.

Major air pollutants from different manufacturing industries

Some of the most polluted industries in India include metals, chemicals, compost, petroleum and sustenance. Apart from these, pesticides, cleaners, plastics, solvents, fill, paints, colours, and nourishment are also pollutants. In addition, due to advances in nuclear vitality, there has been an expansion in radioactivity in the biosphere (The & Metals n.d.).

Industrialization that relies on fossil power contributes to air pollution. Air contamination is an essential issue in the mechanical industry which may adversely affect the health of an entire population (Mehraj 2013).

Top three industries responsible for air pollution

There are various industries which contribute to air pollution in India. Some of the top polluting industries are discussed here.

Industrial chimney waste

There are various ventures which are wellspring of air contamination. One of them is petroleum refineries which emit gasses such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen oxide (NOx). In addition, cement factories also produce waste which are harmful to human health. Stone crushers and hot blend plants are additional sources of pollutants. Furthermore, food and fertilizer industries which discharge toxic waste and corrosive vapors are also potentially harmful to the environment.

Thermal power stations

There are many power stations and super warm power stations in India. One of these is the National Warm Power Partnership (NTPC) which has set up four mammoth coal-fueled power stations located at Singrauli in U.P., Korba in M.P., Ramagundam in Andhra Pradesh and Farakka in W. Bengal. However, the main pollutants are fly powder, SO2 and different gasses and hydrocarbons.

Automobiles

Vehicular exhaust emissions are a source of extensive air contamination, next to warm power plants. Therefore, the steady expansion of the car industry increases air pollution risks, affecting air quality. The source of pollution in the auto industry is the vehicle components such as:

• framework
• fuel tank and carburettor
• crankcase

Furthermore, the fumes produce unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and lead oxides. There are additionally hints of aldehydes, esters, ethers, peroxides and ketones which are artificially dynamic and consolidate to shape exhaust clouds in the nearness of light. Similarly, evaporation from fuel tanks due to the unstable nature of petrol, results in the outflow of hydrocarbons. The evaporation through the carburettor happens when the motor is halted and warm air is emitted. During this process, as much as 12 to 40 ml of fuel is lost amid each long quit bringing on outflow of hydrocarbons. (The & Metals n.d.).

References

• Aldrich, J.H. et al., 2015. Getting out the vote in the social media era: Are digital tools changing the extent, nature and impact of party contacting in elections? Party Politics, 22(2), pp.165–178. Available at: http://ppq.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354068815605304%5Cnhttp://ppq.sagepub.com/content/22/2/165.abstract?rss=1.
• CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board). 2014. National Ambient Air Quality Status and Trends 2012. [NAAQMS//2014-15]. New Delhi: CPCB.
• Garg, A., Shukla, P.R. & Kapshe, M., 2006. The sectoral trends of multigas emissions inventory of India. Atmospheric Environment, 40(24), pp.4608–4620.
• Jaganathan, V. et al., 2014. Environmental Pollution Risk Analysis and Management in Textile Industry: a Preventive Mechanism. European Scientific Journal, 2(September), pp.1857–7881.
• Kansal, A., Khare, M. & Sharma, C.S., 2011. Air quality modelling study to analyse the impact of the World Bank emission guidelines for thermal power plants in Delhi. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2(2), pp.99–105. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/APR.2011.012.
• Kinney, P.L., 2008. Climate Change, Air Quality, and Human Health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(5), pp.459–467.
• Lim S S et al., 2012. A comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, The Lancet 380: pp. 2240-2260.
• Mehraj, S.S., 2013. Cement Factories , Air Pollution and. , pp.1–65. Available at: http://www.sciencepub.net/book/00065_book_1_65.pdf.
• Singh, A. & Agrawal, M., 2008. Acid rain and its ecological consequences. Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 29(1), pp.15–24.
• Smith, K.R., Mehta, S. & Maeusezahl-Feuz, M., 2004. Indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels. In Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. pp. 1435–93. Available at: http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume2/1435-1494.pdf.
• Sumit Sharma, R. & Seth Block, D., 2468. Green Growth and Air Pollution in India.
• T, S. & Reddy, K.K.S.K., 2011. Ozone Layer Depletion and Its Effects: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2(1), pp.30–37. Available at: http://www.ijesd.org/show-29-343-1.html.
• The, E.P. & Metals, F., 2 ), 2 ),. , (2).
• Vallero, D.A., 2011. Air Pollution: Atmospheric Wastes. In Waste. pp. 243–264.