Joint frequencies analysis helps to search inter-connections between a number of keywords or character strings occurring in the text. It produces matrices of joint frequencies of the items of a specified vocabulary list with respect to a suitably chosen unit of context.
Slacks based measure or SBM analsysis is a non-radial model to solve the problem in the “additive model” developed by Charnes, Cooper, & Rhodes in 1978. This model can discriminate between efficient and inefficient Decision-Making Units (DMU).
According to several reports, micro RNA plays a critical role in myocardial infarction (Fichtlscherer et al., 2010). MicroRNA helps in controlling many biological processes and plays a role in health and heart diseases. Depletion of Dicer (a microRNA processing enzyme) leads to various defects in angiogenesis, vessel formation and cardiac development (Van Rooij and Olson, 2007).
Lipoproteins play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases as a major risk factor. Specifically lipoprotein (a) which is a LDL like molecule, is a predictor of the cardiovascular diseases. Other LDL like apo B and apo A-1 are also used as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (Sandhu et al., 2016).
Biomarker development has served as an indicator of disease progression and response to therapeutic intervention. The conventional approach involved the study of molecules (considered as biomarker) in regulatory pathways but with the advent of technologies and resources, the development and discovery of biomarkers gotten easier.
This article shows the application of one of the other multidimensional scaling methods Individual Differences Scaling (INDSCAL) using Hamlet II. INDSCAL compares the co-occurrence of matrices obtained from comparable search lists.
The concept of personalized medicine was first promoted with pharmacogenomics data on oncology trials which demonstrated subject’s unique genetic makeup (genome) influence on their response to medications (The Office of the Commissioner FDA, 2015).
Biomarkers range from a simple molecule to a complex substance; from basics like blood pressure and pulse to a more composite lab tests of various body parts including blood and tissues. However, biomarkers are merely a medical sign like any other. It is one of the most objective and measurable clinical signs a modern laboratory can have.